If you want to get the best rates for your cargo move from Guangdong, Shanghai, Beijing, HongKong,etc any way China to the worldwide, then you have to know your cargo shape: heavy cargo or volume cargo? this help much to optimize the air freight/ sea freight solution
1. Actual weight
Actual Weight is the weight obtained according to weighing (weighing), including actual Gross Weight (G.W.) and actual Net Weight (N.W.). The most common is the actual gross weight.
In air cargo transportation, the actual gross weight is often compared with the calculated volume weight, and the freight will be calculated and charged for whichever is larger.
2. Volume and weight
Volumetric Weight or Dimensions Weight, that is, the weight calculated from the volume of the cargo according to a certain conversion factor or calculation formula.
In air cargo transportation, the conversion factor for calculating volumetric weight is generally 1:167, that is, one cubic meter is approximately equal to 167 kilograms.
For example: the actual gross weight of one air cargo is 95 kg and the volume is 1.2 cubic meters. According to the coefficient of air freight 1:167, the volume weight of this cargo is 1.2*167=200.4 kg, which is greater than the actual gross weight of 95 kg, so this cargo For soaking cargo (also called throwing cargo, light cargo, English called Light Weight Cargo or Light Cargo/Goods or Low Density Cargo or Measurement Cargo), airlines will charge based on volumetric weight instead of actual gross weight. Please note that air freight is generally called bubble cargo, and sea freight is generally called light cargo. The name is different.
Another example: the actual gross weight of one air cargo is 560 kg and the volume is 1.5 CBM. According to the coefficient of air freight 1:167, the volume weight of this cargo is 1.5*167=250.5 kg, which is less than the actual gross weight of 560 kg, so this cargo For heavy cargo (English called Dead Weight Cargo or Heavy Cargo/Goods or High Density Cargo), the airline will charge according to the actual gross weight, not the volume weight.
In short, calculate the volumetric weight according to a certain conversion factor, and then compare the volumetric weight with the actual weight, whichever is larger will be charged.
3. Chargeable Weight
Chargeable Weight, referred to as C.W., that is, the weight based on the calculation of freight or other miscellaneous expenses.
The chargeable weight is either the actual gross weight or the volumetric weight. The chargeable weight=the actual weight VS the volumetric weight, whichever is greater is the weight for calculating the transportation cost.
4.calculation method
Calculation method for express and air freight:
Regular items:
Length (cm) × width (cm) × height (cm) ÷ 6000 = volumetric weight (KG), that is, 1CBM≈166.66667KG.
Irregular items:
The longest (cm) × the widest (cm) × the highest (cm) ÷ 6000 = volume weight (KG), that is, 1CBM≈166.66667KG.
This is an internationally accepted algorithm.
In short, 1 cubic meter weighing more than 166.67 kg is called heavy cargo, and less than 166.67 kg is called bubble cargo. Heavy goods are charged according to the actual gross weight, and bubble goods are charged according to the volume weight.
Notes:
1. CBM is the abbreviation of Cubic Meter, which means cubic meter.
2. The volume and weight are also calculated according to length (cm) × width (cm) × height (cm) ÷ 5000, which is not common, and generally only express companies use this algorithm.
3. In fact, the division of heavy cargo and foam cargo in air cargo transportation is much more complicated. For example, according to the density, there are such statements as 1:300, 1:400, 1:500, 1:800, 1:1000, etc. . The ratio is different, the price is different.
For example, 1:300 is 25 yuan/kg, and 1:500 is 24 yuan/kg. The so-called 1:300 means 1 cubic meter equals 300 kilograms, 1:400 means 1 cubic meter equals 400 kilograms, and so on.
4. In order to make full use of the space and load capacity of the aircraft, heavy cargo and foam cargo are generally matched reasonably. Air cargo stowage is a technical activity-a good match can make full use of the limited space resources of the aircraft, and even do a good job. Can greatly increase additional profits. Too much heavy cargo will waste space (the space will be overweight if it is not full), and too much cargo will waste the load (fill up before the maximum weight is reached).
Calculation method of sea freight:
1. The division of heavy cargo and light cargo by sea is much simpler than air freight. my country's maritime LCL business basically distinguishes between heavy and light cargo according to the standard of 1 cubic meter equal to 1 ton. In sea freight LCL, freight is calculated by volume, which is fundamentally different from air freight by weight, so it is much simpler. Many people do a lot of ocean freight, but they have never heard of light or heavy cargo, because they basically don't use it.
2. From the perspective of ship stowage, any cargo with a cargo stowage factor less than the ship’s cabin capacity factor is called Dead Weight Cargo/Heavy Goods; all cargo with a cargo stowage factor greater than the ship’s cabin capacity factor is called Measurement Cargo/Light Goods.
3. According to the perspective of freight calculation and international shipping business practice, any cargo with a cargo stowage factor less than 1.1328 cubic meters/ton or 40 cubic feet/ton is called heavy cargo; all cargo with a cargo stowage factor greater than 1.1328 cubic meters/ton or 40 Cubic feet/ton cargo is called light cargo/bubble cargo.
4. The concept of heavy cargo and light cargo is closely related to stowage, transportation, storage and billing. The carrier or freight forwarding company distinguishes heavy goods, light goods/bubble goods according to certain standards.
Tips:
The seaborne LCL is based on the density of water 1000KGS/1CBM. The weight of the cargo is compared to the cubic number in tons. If it is more than 1 is heavy cargo, and less than 1 is soaked cargo, but now many voyages are limited in weight, so the ratio is adjusted to about 1 ton/1.5CBM.
Air freight is based on the ratio of 1000 to 6, which is equivalent to 1CBM=166.6KGS. If 1CBM exceeds 166.6, it is heavy cargo. On the contrary, it is bubble cargo.
In practice, the regulations of different companies may be different. Need specific consultation with freight forwarding company, transportation company, express company or logistics company.